Workers without Jobs

GAP cannot reflect positive or negative externalities Involve In the consumption and production UT these externalities do affect on people's living standard. Negative externalities such as pollution brings environmental costs to society but not calculated by GAP. Positive externalities such as technological advance benefits to society but it is not count in GAP. Economic well-being would be under-value or over-value if GAP is the only single measure of economic well-being. 3. Leisure helps people enjoy a better life.In countries with lower GAP, the welfare gain from leisure can compensate the welfare loss from low GAP. Explain why frictional and structural unemployment are unavoidable in most of the economies. There are always some workers without Jobs, even when the overall economy is doing well. For example, people now prefer cell phones from Apple than from Monika. Monika decides to cut down Its employees due to the decrease of revenue. It takes time for him (the worker) to search another job that is best suited for him. In this period when matching jobs and workers, he is unemployed and it is called frictional unemployment.Another example is that now most of the textile factories decide to move to mainland China. A worker in one of these factories loses her job, however, he Is unable to learn or change new working skills or knowledge on other specialist or other field. And therefore, she cannot find a new Job In her Orlando Industry and also in other industries. This imbalance between the skills and other characteristics of some workers and the needs of workers in the labor market causes unemployment called structural unemployment.When unemployment consist only frictional and structural unemployment, unemployment is at natural rate. In most of the economies, there are always some reasons causing frictional or structural unemployment. Employment rate never fall to zero it fluctuates around the natural rate of unemployment. Therefore, frictional and structura l unemployment are unavoidable in most of the economies. What are the three major functions of money? Discuss how these functions be affected by inflation. Account and a store of value.A medium of exchange is an item that buyers give to sellers when they purchase goods and services. When you buy a shirt at a clothing store, the store gives you the shirt, and you give the store your money. This transfer of money from buyer to seller allows the transaction to take place. When you walk into a store, you are confident that the store will accept your money for the items it is selling because money is the commonly accepted medium of exchange. A unit of account is the yardstick people use to post prices and record debts.When you go shopping, you might observe that a shirt costs $30 and a hamburger costs $3. Even though it would be accurate to say that the price of a shirt is 10 hamburgers and the price of a hamburger is 1110 of a shirt, prices are never quoted in this way. Similarly, if yo u take out a loan from a bank, the size of your future loan repayments ill be measured in dollars, not in a quantity of goods and services. When we want to measure and record economic value, we use money as the unit of account.A store of value is an item that people can use to transfer purchasing power from the present to the future. When a seller accepts money today in exchange for a good or service, that seller can hold the money and become a buyer of another good or service at another time. Money is not the only store of value in the economy: A person can also transfer purchasing power from the present to the future by holding monetary assets such as stocks and bonds. The term wealth is used to refer to the total of all stores of value, including both money and monetary assets.What assumptions are necessary to argue that the quantity equation of money implies that increases in the money supply lead to proportional increases in the general price (a) Discuss two reasons why the GAP deflator gives a different rate of inflation than the ICP does. 1. 12 PEP (6 marks) (b) Explain the likely effect of a binding minimum wage on the unemployment rate. (5 marks) (a) Suppose an economy that is initially at full employment faces a tremendous drop n imports. I.

Alternative Therapy Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Alternative Therapy - Assignment Example In case of terminal illness in which promoting the further health of the patient is all but meaningless, the extent and degree to which such an alternative approach could maximize the utility of the patient is exponentially greater than that of the traditional treatment (Stanulović et al, 2013). It is not the purpose of this brief response to state the alternative treatments have their place alongside traditional treatments in each and every health issue and concern; rather, it is merely the intent of this author to point to the fact that there are many relevant areas of health in which alternative treatments can provide a needed benefit or even a complimentary benefit, if used in tandem with traditional treatments, to the end patient. Additionally, the factor of cost is oftentimes, but not always, lowers with respect to alternative treatments; yet another enticing prospect for their application with regards to many economic factors that constrain the patient (Alternative Measure s of Personal Saving,

Business statistics-----Summarizing Data Statistics Project

Business -----Summarizing Data - Statistics Project Example Given this trend income is likely to increase and people now can afford more luxury items. The major increase was in people earning above $40000 and decline in the income below that range. This shows that this income is becoming a base-line income with time. During the same period there has been increase in Asian ethnicity in the USA and decrease in other ethnicities. So, in developing country those snacks the taste of Asian community should be under great consideration and as they have increased by about 60% in 2000 when comparing with 1990s. Similarly there has been a trend that people are moving towards buying their own house than living in rented house. This shows increase in Living Standard and Disposable income which mean that people will be able to afford the snacks if they are good. As far as employment statistics are concerned there has been an increase in absolute number of people employed but percentage wise unemployment has risen which is not a good indicator. Those in work, Most of them drive themselves to work alone. This shows the increase in living standard as people are not using motor cycles to work and very few of them taking public transport to work. Most of the people take around 20-34 minutes to reach their work.

Reader Response to Bartleby the Scrivener Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Reader Response to Bartleby the Scrivener - Essay Example It could be argued that the lawyer gets a scrivener after his heart to help him know himself better. In a significant piece of self-analysis, the narrator says, "though I belong to a profession proverbially energetic and nervous, even to turbulence, at times, yet nothing of that sort have I ever suffered to invade my peace." He is "one of those unambitious lawyers who never addresses a jury, or in any way draws down public applause; but in the cool tranquillity of a snug retreat, do a snug business among rich men's bonds and mortgages and title-deeds. All who know me consider me an eminently safe man"(par.3). The position of the subordinates in his office is also preeminently safe. His permanent staff of scriveners consists of a uniquely eccentric trio called Turkey, Nippers and Ginger Nut. Their idiosyncrasies may have led a less phlegmatic employer to dismiss them, but the narrator merely consoles himself with the thought that " I never had to do with their eccentricities at one time. Their fits relieved each other like guards. When Nippers' was on, Turkey's was off; and vice versa. This was a good natural arrangement under the circumstances" (par. 13). As for Ginger Nut, "to this quick-witted youth the whole noble science of the law was contained in a nut-shell" (par. 14), says the narrator with an almost paternal indulgent irony. The point is that this was the state of affairs in the narrator's office before Bartleby joined them to fill a temporary position. What of Bartleby at this time At least, he shows sufficient initiative to apply for the position and seems to have possessed enough enterprise to impress his employer. As the narrator remarks, "I engaged him, glad to have among my corps of copyists a man of so singularly sedate an aspect, which I thought might operate beneficially upon the flighty temper of Turkey, and the fiery one of Nippers" (par.16). And what of his first days at work The narrator describes it thus: As if long famishing for something to copy, he seemed to gorge himself on my documents. There was no pause for digestion. He ran a day and night line, copying by sun-light and by candle-light. I should have been quite delighted with his application, had be been cheerfully industrious. But he wrote on silently, palely, mechanically. (par. 18) Although, or perhaps, because, he had done an extraordinary quantity of work, Bartleby politely refuses to have anything to do with the checking of the documents for mistakes-he 'prefers' not to. No explanation is given by Bartleby, or by the narrator. Was it a supreme confidence in the infallibility of his written work No, because he also refuses all other kind of work such as reviewing the writing of others, running simple errands, or anything of the sort. Later, he declares that he has "decided upon doing no more writing"(par. 126) and he finally informs his employer "he had permanently given up copying" (par. 133). What is the cause of this change in Bartleby Is Bartleby perhaps the narrator's alter ego, providentially chosen to reveal to him his own essential inner self When he realizes that Bartleby had nowhere to go after office hours, "a feeling of overpowering stinging melancholy" overwhelms the narrator: "The bond of a common humanity now drew me irresistibly to gloom. A fraternal melancholy! For both I and Bartleby were sons of Adam" (par.89). After

Business Law - Use of Contracts in E-commerce Assignment

Business Law - Use of Contracts in E-commerce - Assignment Example Business transaction costs can be reduced by low communication cost strategy. It can allow the organizations to focus on their core business activities (Lee, 1998, p.4). Moreover, organization can buy several external services through this cost reduction strategy. Frauds and opportunistic behaviour can take place in a strong long-term relationship between two different organizations. Supreme mutual trust can pose limited risk. Moreover, it will help the organizations to reduce their risk management costs. E-commerce involves synchronization between several organizations implementing effective communication technology. This synchronization can be attained in the form of a virtual enterprise or an electronic enterprise. Contracts play an important role in both these cases. In global electronic market, contracts are referred as the agreements on a particular business transaction. Contract can be considered as the collaboration agreement for a longer time period in a virtual enterprise. These cooperation agreements involve integrated business process. This integration can be attained in several ways but generally shared database and inter-organizational workflows are the major sources of this integrated business process. The study will discuss the use of several contracts in the e-commerce business. Content A contract can be defined as an agreement between several parties that is based on specific mutual commitments. One-sided commitment cannot be considered as a contract. Exchange of several goods and services between two or more than two parties can be termed as mutual commitment. In most general cases, one party provides services or goods and other party pays for those exchanged goods and services. Moreover, enforcement mechanism in places is highly essential in a contract. It ensures both identification and punishment of breaking a promise or commitment. As of now, every contract can be made through online in UK. Business transactions are generally divided into three successive phases, such as contract preparation, contract negotiation and contract fulfilment (Daskalopulu and Sergot, 1997, pp. 6-8). Contract preparation can be referred as the information phase. On the other hand, contract recognition can be referred as agreement phase. Contract fulfilment phase has limited negotiation activities. In this phase, several buyers select a specific product or service. It indicates that the buyers want to purchase that product or service. On the other hand, sellers deliver the product or services to the buyers after, before, or at the time of payment. This exchange process becomes more complicated in B2B process as the price of products or services may be not fixed. Moreover, the delivery process can become more difficult in several B2B processes as in International Trade. In these situations, the contracts are more elaborative in nature. These include several specifications in some fulfilment processes’ form (Chirku and Kauffman, 2000, pp.7-12). Moreover, these contracts help to indicate the disputes’ resolve process. Legal system is struggling due to rapid pace of e-commerce development. It is discussed earlier that mutual exchange of goods and services can be referred as contract. Written contract is the e-commerce legal tool. These contracts can

Provider- Patient Relationship (CASE) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Provider- Patient Relationship (CASE) - Essay Example How do health care professionals find the balance to make decisions that honor, both, patient confidentiality and other ethical obligations like reporting a potential crime. It is, often, not an easy decision to make. Imagine yourself as an E.R. physician and a patient arrives who has, according to his companions, ingested a large quantity of illegal drugs. He does not wish to be treated, however, his companions feel that he is mentally impaired by his drug use and should be treated regardless. It is absolutely true that while under the influence of intoxicants one may not be capable of the best possible judgment, however, that may not be true in every case. If one is capable of understanding the consequences of his or her decision regarding receiving treatment and the potential outcomes of refusing it then it would be unethical to disregard their personal choice not to receive medical care. In the case provided the patient was deemed capable of understanding the situation and was allowed to leave without receiving treatment. Ethically, however, if the patient had not been successful in being evaluated as capable of making his own decisions then treatment would and should be administered despite their objections, or at least until they achieve a more competent mental state; for example the effect of the drugs wears off. In the second scenario we are presented with a woman that has admitted to be unable to retrieve a condom filled with an illegal narcotic substance from her vagina. In this case the ethical decision required by the healthcare professional is not so easy. There is the health of the patient, but the patient’s potential medical condition was caused in the process of committing a crime. In this case the decision that seems to create amiable solution results from treating the patient, without contacting law enforcement, and then if drugs were

The Crucible and explore Essay Example for Free

The Crucible and explore Essay Choose one character from The Crucible and explore how they change throughout the course of the play.  The crucible is a play written by Arthur Miller and was first produced in 1953, during the middle of the McCarthy political witch-trials. The story is set in a little town of Salem, Massachusetts, where a lot of innocent people were wrongly convicted of witchcraft and in the end were hung. Arthur Miller was living through and experiencing this at the time, and wrote this play to try and get across what it was like living through this period of time. Throughout this play you see many characters develop and change as the plot goes on. One of the characters that shows a clear change and development is John Proctor. John Proctor was a farmer in his 30s, he was respected but also feared in Salem, he had a sharp and biting was with hypocrites and came to regard himself as a fraud. In act 1 Proctor comes across as a very flirtatious man. He seems to take a shine to Abigail. We know there has been some history between him and Abigail when he says I will cut off my hand before Ill ever reach for you again. But despite this he is still flirting with her by saying Ah, youre wicked yet, arent y. This shows he is giving her mixed messages and not taking her seriously. He can see that she is not as innocent as she makes out to be, and that he can see straight through her. This tells and shows the audience that the character of John Proctor is a very levelheaded man and talks sense. Unlike other characters such as Parris, he can see through her act. This gives you the impression that Proctor is a very reliable character and that he can be trusted. With Proctors flirtatiousness with Abigail he is also giving off the impression that he is not as much the religious man of Salem they all expect him to be. He broke one of the 10 commandments which says Thou shalt not commit adultery. This would be frowned upon in the town and would have been taken very seriously and may even have led to a hanging. The stage directions used in the first act also help us to visualise his flirty ways. At one stage when he is speaking to her he looks at her with the faintest suggestion of a knowing smile on his face to which he says Whats the mischief here? She replies with laugh. By adding in the stage directions it has changed the way Proctor addresses her while saying his line, it also affects the way Abigail reacts back when told to do so. Stage directions are important to the actor playing the part of Proctor as it tells them him how to say a line, how to react to something that has been said and how to move and interact in general. The stage directions are also to the audience reading the play as it helps them to imagine and visualise what is actually going on and reactions that are made. In act 2 Proctor changes from very flirtatious to very protective over his wife but he also gets very sharp with her and becomes irrational. When Elizabeth says something to her husband about or concerning Abigail he will instantly bite back at her and make sure what he is saying is heard. One example of this is when Elizabeth says to Proctor (with a smile, trying to keep her dignity) John, if it were not Abigail that you must go to hurt, would you falter now? I think not. To which Proctor replies (With solemn warning) You will not judge me more, Elizabeth. I have good reason to think before I charge fraud on Abigail, and I will think on it. Let you look to your own improvement before you go to judge your husband anymore. In a way it gives the impression that he doesnt like the truth and sometimes cant take it very well, so his reaction would be to bite back. As the plot goes on you can see Proctors good side starting to come through, even though he still gets aggressive and ill-tempered and easily provoked, the rest of the village are starting to understand why he retaliates so much and are starting to respect him more for that. In this act, to really get the feeling of Proctors anger and biting nature, the dramatic devices aid you extremely well in getting the full picture in your mind of how he is reacting to the things she is saying. By just reading through the play there is no indication of how the character says what he/she is saying. With Proctor this indication are very useful as his mood changes in different situations and helps you to understand when he is angry like he is in the part of the act. In act 3 Proctor changes dramatically to the way he is with certain characters. In this act you see him becoming very horrible and nasty towards Abigail. There are many ways in which his attitude changes towards her. In the stage directions it states that Proctor leaps at Abigail and, grabbing her by the hair pulls her to her feet. She screams in pain. This shows a change in the way Proctor addresses Abigail. He becomes aggressive towards her and uses forceful actions against her. I think he is fed up with putting up with all of Abigails lies against his wife and Mary Warren and the only way she is likely to listen to him and take in what he is saying is by using such drastic action as to leap at her and grab her by her hair. This, I would assume hurt, so he wants to cause her pain in hoping it will make her listen to what he is trying to tell her. This description being wrote as a stage directions acts as a visual aid for the reader, it helps them to visualise what is going on at that time in the scene and may give you as a reader more of an understanding what the author is trying to get across. Another way in which the author portrays Proctors turn against Abigail is through language. For example, It is not a child. Now hear me, sir. In the sight of the congregation she were twice this year put out of this meetin house for laughter during prayer. Proctor is trying to convince everyone that Abigail isnt as innocent as she makes out to be. The town of Salem is extremely religious and frowns upon anyone going against god or behaving in an unacceptable manner towards the religion. On account of them hearing this they would all immediately agree that it is unacceptable to laugh during prayer in the church and their views of her will turn from good to bad. Along with hearing this they may also believe that she hasnt been telling the truth from the start and that if she has in fact been lying god will see this and provide her with the suitable punishment instead of going about it themselves. In this act proctor also becomes very motivated to try and prove his wifes innocence and also the innocence of his friends. When Danforth takes an interest in Mary Warren and asks what she has to tell, Proctor looks at her to see that she cannot speak so he jumps in to defend her. She never saw no spirits, sir. Proctor does this because he notices that Mary Warren is unable to answer this question by herself therefore intervenes to help her. I think that Proctor has also seen the error of his ways, being the way he acted towards people earlier on in the play, and is trying to make amends for the bad things he has done. The last thing he wants to see happen is his wife and all of his friends being hung for things they have not done therefore does his best to defend them. Proctor also gives evidence against Abigail to change it around so she is the one being asked the questions instead and tries to make her the new subject. Abigail leads the girls to the woods, Your Honour, and they have danced there naked - In act 4 John Proctor becomes silent and wont speak to anyone except his wife, once she is aloud in to try and talk to him, he would only take food and would stay chained to the wall. One way in which we know this is when Herrick says to Danforth, He sits like some great bird; youd not know hed lived except he will take some food from time to time.And again when Herrick also says He cannot, sir, he is chained to the wall now. This is one of the biggest changes Proctor makes throughout the play. From the beginning we got the impression that John Proctor has always been well spoken and likes to have his views heard. Now we are seeing a completely different side to him by him staying silent. It is my personal opinion that Proctor is taking a stand against everything that has gone on in the town of Salem. He doesnt think its right all these judges coming in and accusing people of witchcraft without enough evidence and believing storys of little girls over people of superior like himself. He doesnt think he should have to justify himself when he has done nothing wrong and while no one else has done anything wrong. Later on this act Proctor decides to confess to accounts of witchcraft. While being addressed about this Proctor brakes down into tears and lowers himself for everyone to see. Because it is my name! Because I cannot have another in my life! Because I lie and sign myself to lies! Because I am not worth the dust on the feet of them that hang! How may I live without my name? I have given you my soul; leave me my name!. This shows Proctors delicate side. He feels that he himself should confess to charges of witchcraft in effort to save everyone who has been up for it. This short monologue really hits you hard as a reader. You realise that Proctor isnt all he is made out to be from the start. He is changed man by the end of the play. I think they writer of the play, Arthur Miller, wanted to produce a character who was tough on the outside yet very deep on insecure on the inside, and that is exactly what you see change throughout the course of the play. At the start he tries to make out that everyone in Salem fears him and that he is superior to everyone else, whereas he is just using this to cover up how insecure and fragile he is deep down. I think that Proctor is one of the best and complex characters I have seen in a book. He has a lot of depth to him that you wouldnt be able to tell from just a little section of the book. Right from the start to the end Proctor progressively changes for the better even thought at the end he sadly dies. He gives himself to the court to save others from the tragic fate that would have awaited them, and therefore I think that would make him a hero in the eyes of the people of Salem, putting himself forward for a fate he didnt deserve but still took without complaint.